Climate & Oceans: Copernicus reports the world’s oceans hit a new record sea-surface temperature of 21.1°C as a “super” El Niño stacks heat on top of long-term warming, raising risks for marine life and extreme weather. Neurodegeneration & Drug R&D: A preclinical JP1 peptide study in ALS mice links improved motor function and longer survival to boosting the Keap1–Nrf2 antioxidant/autophagy pathway, though it’s not yet proven safe or effective in people. Cancer Trials: A review of phase III data asks whether menopausal status changes how well adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors work in hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer. Biotech & Clinical Progress: Leads Biolabs’ Opamtistomig (PD-L1/4-1BB) advances to expansion for first-line esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after a favorable safety run-in. Space Science: New analysis of Mercury data suggests impacts could have formed vast diamond deposits from shocked graphite—detectable by future infrared sensors. Science Policy & Funding: An NIH funding reprieve for South African research is welcomed, but commentators warn local science still needs stronger domestic support. Tech & Research Tools: KAIST’s president bets on “physical AI” as the next big move, citing a new KAIST–Nvidia research center. Public Science & Learning: NOAA’s Teacher at Sea program brings ocean science into classrooms, highlighted by a Topeka teacher’s Gulf research trip.